Archaeological Park of Paestum: Temples and the History of Magna Graecia

The Archaeological Park of Paestum, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most important archaeological areas in the world, is located in Campania, just a few kilometers from Salerno. Once the ancient Greek city of Poseidonia, Paestum offers a full immersion into the history of Magna Graecia, featuring some of the best-preserved Doric temples on the planet.

The History of the Ancient City

Founded in the 7th century B.C. by Greek settlers from Sybaris, the city was originally named Poseidonia in honor of Poseidon, god of the sea. It was later conquered by the Lucanians in the 4th century B.C. and then absorbed by the Romans in 273 B.C., who renamed it Paestum. Although its importance as a commercial and cultural hub gradually declined until it was abandoned in the Middle Ages, the city’s ancient grandeur remains remarkably visible today.

The Three Temples: Masterpieces of Doric Architecture

At the heart of the park stand three majestic Doric temples, rising imposingly over the plain and leaving visitors in awe:

1. Temple of Neptune (or Poseidon): the largest and best-preserved temple in Paestum. Built around 460 B.C., it is a stunning example of Doric architecture, combining strength and elegance in a structure that has withstood the passage of time.
2. The Basilica (Temple of Hera I): the oldest of the temples, dating to the 6th century B.C. Although the name “Basilica” is incorrect (it was indeed a temple), its massive proportions and architectural layout make it a true masterpiece.
3. Temple of Athena (or Ceres): built around 500 B.C., this temple presents a fascinating blend of Doric and Ionic styles. Set on higher ground, it offers an ideal panoramic viewpoint over the entire site.

The Museum and the Archaeological Area

Beyond the temples, the park includes an extensive archaeological zone featuring streets, houses, the agora, and city walls. Completing the visit, the National Archaeological Museum of Paestum houses an exceptional collection of artifacts, including:

• The Metopes from the Heraion at the Sele River: stone reliefs illustrating the heroic deeds of Heracles (Hercules).
• The Tomb of the Diver: a unique 5th-century B.C. fresco depicting a young man diving into water — a powerful and poetic symbol of the transition from life to death.

Visitor Information

The Archaeological Park of Paestum is easily accessible by train or car from Salerno and Naples, and is a must-see for lovers of history and archaeology.

• Address: Via Magna Graecia – 84047 Paestum (SA)
• Opening Hours:
  • Park: daily, from 8:30 a.m. until sunset
  • Museum: daily, from 8:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. (ticket office closes at 6:50 p.m.)
• Tickets:
  • Full: €12.00 (includes access to both Park and Museum)
  • Free: EU citizens under 18 years old
• Website: www.paestum.org

Cover photo credits: Bernhard Ehmann, Google Maps