Baia: the submerged city and the conservation project

Baia: the submerged city and the conservation project

Baia is one of the world's most significant submerged archaeological sites: Roman villas, thermal complexes and fine decorations now partially lie beneath the sea. A recent documentary highlighted the work of restorers and scientists working to protect this fragile cultural heritage.

Why Baia matters

• Elite Roman resort: luxurious residences and bath complexes reflect the lifestyle of ancient Rome's upper classes.
• Submerged heritage: sea-level changes and ground subsidence have partly submerged the settlement, creating a rare underwater archaeology site.
• Artistic and engineering evidence: mosaics, hydraulic structures and infrastructure remains support historical reconstruction and scientific study.

The conservation project

Protection efforts combine traditional restoration and advanced technologies to slow degradation and document the site:

• sonar surveys and underwater photogrammetry to produce accurate 3D models;
• environmental monitoring to assess corrosion and biofouling;
• in situ conservation of stone elements and mosaics where feasible;
• collaboration between research institutes, conservators and park managers for long-term strategies.

How to visit Baia

Baia is located in the Phlegraean Fields near Pozzuoli. Parts of the site are reachable only by sea or through guided dives, while artifacts and documentation are displayed in local museums.

• Boat tours: organized excursions allow external observation of submerged structures and remains.
• Guided dives: available to certified divers with permits, offering closer exploration under archaeological supervision.
• Museums and visitor centers: check local museum exhibits for recovered artifacts and updates on conservation projects.

Practical tips

• Book ahead for guided tours and boat trips, especially during peak season.
• Respect the site: avoid touching artifacts, do not dive in unauthorized areas and follow guide instructions.
• Check permits required for archaeological diving or research activities.

FAQ

• Where is Baia? In the Phlegraean Fields, a short distance from Pozzuoli (Naples).
• Can you see the mosaics? Some mosaics are exhibited or visible from specific boat-accessible points; many are documented via surveys and replicas.
• Who manages conservation? Teams of restorers and research institutions work with local authorities to protect the site.