Herdonia: the Roman city buried in the Tavoliere (Ordona)

Herdonia: a Roman site hidden in the Tavoliere plain

About 25 km from Foggia, on the plateau of Ordona, lies a large archaeological complex known as Herdonia. The settlement shows traces of continuous occupation from the Neolithic through the medieval period and includes extensive Roman remains.

Why Herdonia matters

The site is important for both research and visitors interested in archaeology:

• Size: roughly 22 hectares within ancient walls.
• State of preservation: only about 20% has been excavated; the remaining 80% is still beneath the surface.
• Structures on site: forum, basilica, baths, macellum, warehouses, amphitheatre and necropolis.
• Uniqueness: absence of modern urban overbuilding, a rare condition that facilitates detailed study and future excavations.

Short historical outline

Archaeological evidence begins in the Neolithic; later the settlement was a center of the Dauni people. From the 3rd century BCE Herdonia entered the Roman sphere and became a strategic crossroads, partly due to its location along the Via Traiana. The site experienced destruction during the Punic Wars and subsequent phases of rebuilding, reaching its peak between the 1st and 4th centuries CE. After an earthquake in 346 CE the city declined, remained relevant through the medieval period, and was abandoned by the 14th–15th centuries.

Excavations, research and conservation

Modern excavations began in 1962 with a Belgian-led mission; the campaigns produced extensive scholarly publications. Administrative and ownership disputes later slowed progress:

• 1962: start of systematic archaeological work led by Belgian teams.
• 2000: excavations halted due to legal disputes over land ownership.
• 2014–2022: progressive acquisitions of land by public authorities and planning for renewed campaigns.
• 2024: parliamentary inquiries urged faster protection and development of the site.

The fact that most of the city remains buried and free from modern construction offers exceptional potential for future research and for creating a high-quality cultural destination.

What to see today and practical tips

• Access: parts of the site are open to the public; check schedules and visiting rules with local archaeological offices or the regional heritage authority.
• Route: exposed areas include remains of the forum, baths and public buildings; guided visits are recommended for full context.
• Practical advice: bring water, wear comfortable shoes and sun protection; many sectors are outdoors and seasonal conditions affect access.
• How to get there: approximately 25 km from Foggia by car towards Ordona; follow signs for local archaeological areas.

Herdonia represents a significant archaeological resource and a rewarding destination for visitors seeking less crowded but historically rich sites in Apulia. Before travelling, check with local authorities for the latest information on openings and guided tours.